Columns viewed from below against sky. Text: “The European pillar in NATO: from hollow to concrete” by Dr Leonard Schütte.
Policy Paper

The European Pillar in NATO: From Hollow to Concrete

Series

Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and President Trump’s revision of 80 years of US Europe policy have shaken the foundations of the European security order. As a result, the debate about the future of NATO has returned with a vengeance.

It is near consensual among Europeans that they need to strengthen the ‘European pillar in NATO’. However, the concept of the European pillar remains vague and details scarce, thus risking that the concept remains a hollow soundbite. 

This study both looks back to unpack the rhetorical baggage of the European pillar of NATO and ahead to discuss what it would take to strengthen the pillar.

Product details
Date of Publication
March 2026
Publisher
Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung
Number of Pages
30
Licence
Language of publication
English
Table of contents

Foreword 
Executive summary

1. Introduction

2. Historicizing the European pillar
Phase I: 1949–1990 10
Phase II: 1990–2014 11
Phase III: 2014–2022 12
Phase IV: since 2022 12

3. Conceptualizing the European pillar

4. Operationalizing the European pillar

5. Realizing the European pillar

6. Outlook: risking the European pillar?

References
The author
Imprint

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